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USSR GRU
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Data communication system
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IRTYSH (Russian: ИРТЫШ) is radio system for passing secret messages
via short wave (SW) radio links over very long distances, used by the
Russian military intelligence service GRU.
It features high data integrity
(reliability) and resiliance against jamming,
using low power, low data rates and high bandwidth.
The system comprises a variety of equipment from the R-397 family for the base
station – the Centre – as well as portable equipment for the field agent – the
Correspondent.
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The IRTYSH radio system — using R-397 equipment
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The diagram above shows the components of a complete IRTYSH radio link. Most of
the special components have a model number that starts with R-397, followed
by a 2-letter suffix.
At the left is the equipment that was used by the agent or correspondent.
It consists of an R-397-OK (OKOLSH) transmitter
and an R-397-LK (LYAPIS) receiver, both of which are low-power
devices.
At the right is the equipment that was used at the base station,
or centre. It consists of a regular transmitter and an R-160P receiver,
complemented by a special R-397-OC (OLEN) demodulator,
a BPA data decoder and an R-397-LC (LYUMEN) data generator —
together known as KEDON [1].
The field transmitter (OKOLSH) had an operational range of 1500 km,
whilst the receiver (LYAPIS) was suitable for distances up to 4000 km.
Longer distances were possible by using intermediate stations (hops).
Very little information about the IRTYSH radio system is available in the public
domain, but a small number of websites and forums have revealed some of
its characteristics [1]. Of the equipment, only the
R-397-OK (OKOLSH) transmitter has turned up in a few collections.
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IRTYSH equipment on this website
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Below is an overview of the various components of the IRTYSH radio system.
Note that all parts carry the model number R-397, but that the two-letter
suffix determines the actual device. The first letter of the suffix
indicates the name of the device (e.g. 'O' = OKOLSH), whilst the
second letter tells us at which end the equipment was used —
field (agent) or base station (centre):
K = Корреспондентский = Correspondent = Agent
Ц = Центровой = Centre = Base station
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The KEDON-MLS base station was suitable for the automatic reception
of manual morse code, burst transmissions and slow-speed data
transmissions, generated by DKM, RTA, RPU
and other message encoders.
It had the following advantages over earlier systems:
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- Increased resillience against jamming and fading
- Increased secrecy
- Emergency calling system from centre to agent
- Fully automated reception at the centre
- Automatic store-and-forward
- Reduced dimensions, weight and power consumption
- Increased efficiency on STRIZH (СТРИЖ) radio links
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Silver nitrate, lunar caustic.
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This word does not appear to exist in the Russian language.
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MTK-2 is the Russian (Cyrillic) variant of the
ITA-2 character standard.
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This website was no longer available in 2024.
Data retrieved via WayBack machine.
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© Crypto Museum. Created: Sunday 14 February 2021. Last changed: Thursday, 15 February 2024 - 20:05 CET.
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