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Licenced amateur radio operators · HAMs
- this page is a stub
An amateur radio operator, also known as radio amateur, ham or HAM,
is a person who uses amateur radio equipment to communicate with other
amateur operators, on radio frequencies (bands) assigned to the
Amateur Radio Service. For the use of these frequencies, they have been
granted a licence by their local governmental regulatory authority, after
passing an examination on electronics, radio theory, radio operation and
regulations. As part of their licence, amateur operators are assigned
a call sign that they use to identify themselves during communication
[1].
Most countries have one or more national radio societies of which amateur radio
operators can become a member. The national organisations are commonly
involved in liaison with the national regulatory body for telecommunications.
At a global level, the national societies are united in the
International Amateur Radio Union (IARU) — the liaison between amateurs and
the International Telecommunication Union ITU. The IARU is divided into
the same three regions as the ITU:
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IARU
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International Amateur Radio Union
Established on 27 April 1925.
➤ IARU website
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Below is a non-exhaustive overview of amateur radio societies and
related organisations.
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Below is an overview of the frequency bands that have been
allocated to the Amateur Radio Service. Licenced Amateur Radio
Operators can use these bands for transmission, subject to
international and national regulations. For each band, a detailed
bandplan is applicable [5].
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| Band | Frequency | Wave | Modulation | Region |
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| LF | 1.35.7 - 137.8 kHz | 2200 m | CW | |
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| MF | 472 - 279 kHz | 635 m | CW | |
| | 1.81 - 1.88 MHz | 160 m | CW, Digi, voice | |
| | 1.81 - 2 MHz | 160 m | CW, Digi, voice | BE |
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| HF | 3.5 - 3.5 MHz | 80 m | CW, RTTY, voice | |
| | 5.350 - 5.450 MHz 2 | 60 m | CW, RTTY, voice | |
| | 7.0 - 7.2 MHz | 40 m | CW, Digi, voice, beacons | |
| | 10.1 - 10.15 MHz | 30 m | CW, Digi | |
| | 14.0 - 14.35 MHz | 20 m | CW, Digi, voice, SSTV | |
| | 18.068 - 18.168 MHz | 17 m | CW, Digi, voice, beacons | |
| | 21.0 - 21.45 MHz | 15 m | CW, Digi, voice, beacons. SSTV | |
| | 24.89 - 24.99 MHz | 12 m | CW, Digi, voice, beacons | |
| | 28.0 - 29.7 MHz | 10 m | CW, Digi, voice, beacons, SSTV, Sat | |
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| VHF | 40 - 45 MHz | 8 m | ? | 1 1 |
| | 50 - 54 MHz | 6 m | All modes | |
| | 50 - 52 MHz | 6 m | All modes | 1 1 |
| | 58 - 60.1 MHz | 5 m | All modes | 1 1 |
| | 70.0 - 70.5 MHz | 4 m | |
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| | 144 - 148 MHz | 2 m | All modes | |
| | 144 - 146 MHz | 2 m | All modes | 1 |
| | 219 - 220 MHz | 1.25 m | Digital message | |
| | 222 - 225 MHz | 1.25 m | Digital message | US, CA |
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| UHF | 420 - 450 MHz | 70 cm | All modes | |
| | 430 - 440 MHz | 70 cm | All modes | 1 |
| | 902 - 928 MHz | 33 cm | All modes | 2 |
| | 1240 - 1300 MHz | 23 cm | All modes | |
| | 1240 - 1325 MHz | 23 cm | All modes | UK |
| | 2300 - 2310 MHz | 13 cm | All modes | |
| | 2390 - 2450 MHz | 13 cm | All modes | |
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| SHF | 3400 - 3475 MHz | 9 cm | All modes | |
| | 5650 - 5850 MHz | 6 cm | All modes | |
| | 10 - 10.5 GHz | 3 cm | All modes | |
| | 24 - 24.25 GHz | 12 mm | All modes | |
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| EHF | 47.0 - 47.2 GHz | 6 mm | All modes | |
| | 76.0 - 84.5 GHz | 4 mm | All modes | |
| | 122.25 - 123.00 GHz | 3 mm | All modes | |
| | 134 - 141 GHz | 2 mm | All modes | |
| | 241 - 250 GHz | 1 mm | All modes | |
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Not all countries of this region.
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Secondary usage.
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DARC
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Deutsche Amateur-Radio-Club
National amateur radio society of Germany.
➤ DARC website
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AATiS
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Arbeitskreis Amateurfunk und Telekommunikation in der Schule
Working Group for Amateur Radio and Telecommunications in Schools.
➤ AATiS website
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VERON
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Vereniging voor Experimenteel Radio Onderzoek in Nederland
Established in October 1945 by merging the pre-war NVVR, NVIR
and VUKA.
➤ VERON website
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VRZA
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Vereniging voor Radio Zend Amateurs
Established in 1951 by a number of disaffected VERON members.
➤ VRZA website
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QRP
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Benelux QRP Club
Organisation for the promotion of low-power (QRP) radio amateurism
in Belgium, The Netherlands and Luxemburg (Benelux).
➤ Website Benelux QRP Club
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NVVR
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Nederlandse Vereniging voor Radiotelegrafie
Established in 1916. In 1945 dissolved into the VERON.
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NVIR
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Nederlandse Vereniging voor Internationaal Radio-amateurisme
Established in 1929. In 1945 dissolved into the VERON.
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VUKA
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Vereniging voor Ultra Korte Golf Amateurs
Established in 1934. In 1945 dissolved into the VERON.
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At the beginning of WWII, the Netherlands
had approx. 400 licenced radio amateurs. Together with the naval marconists,
they belonged to the small group of people that were capable of giving and
taking 1 messages in morse code.
Because of the cameraderie and close friendships between the HAMs throughout
the country, many of them were recruted by one of the secret underground
movements. During the war, there were
three important clandestine resistance organisations:
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Each of these organisations had its own clandestine radio service, 2
although the first two, OD and RVV, probably had the largest ones,
with direct links to the Dutch Government in exile in London.
The clandestine radio services were largely populated by HAMs, many of which
lost their lives when captured.
According to the VERON — the main Dutch amateur radio association —
about 60 licenced amateur radio operators (15%) were active in
resistance organisations,
21 of which lost their lives as a result of it, which is 5% of the total
number of amateurs in the country.
➤ Dutch WWII resistance organisations
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In telegraphist speak, the word 'giving' is commonly used for
'transmitting' or 'sending' messages in morse code,
whilst 'taking' is used for 'receiving' or 'reading' messages in
morse code.
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There were overlaps. Some operators worked for more than one organisation.
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RSGB
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Radio Service of Great Britain
National amateur radio organisation of the United Kingdom (UK)
➤ RSGB website
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ARRL
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American Radio Relay League
National association for Amateur Radio in the United States of America (USA).
➤ ARRL website
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© Crypto Museum. Last changed: Wednesday, 20 May 2026 - 12:41 CET.
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