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Soviet countermeasures
During the Cold War, the Soviet Union
(USSR) developed a range of miniature
portable intercept receivers that were designed to be worn inconspicuously
on operator's body.
They were used to intercept (clandestine) communications, locate foreign
agents (radio direction finding, RDF) and for surveillance.
Most of these receivers were designed to be used in
close proximity of the transmitter.
In addition to the portable receivers, they developed a series of
high-performance stationary communication receivers and radio direction
finders (RDF or DF). The receivers below are covered on this website.
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The R11-PA is one of the first body-wearable direction finders
developed during the Cold War in the Soviet Union. It is valve-based
and covers a frequency range of 2.1 to 25 MHz.
The devices has a curved shape, so that it can be carried on the body,
hidden under the operator's clothing. It was developed around 1954.
➤ More information
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Soyka was a compact versatile body-wearable intercept receiver for the
HF-bands between 700 kHz and 30 MHz, divided over 10 ranges. For each range
it has a plug-in coil unit. Furthermore, two wide-band (non-selective)
plug-ins were supplied.
Soyka was deployed in Russia and some other Warsaw Pact countries,
and came in a compact suitcase, together with many accessories.
➤ More information
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Around 1970, the Russians developed a series of miniature portable
intercept receivers that were capable of intercepting VHF/UHF
AM/FM radio signals in close proximity of the transmitter.
There were three models that together
cover a frequency range from 24 to 308 MHz.
Filin was used extensively by the Secret Police (Stasi) of the former DDR
(East-Germany), who also made some modifications to the unit.
➤ More information
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Sinitsa was by far the most advanced portable intercept radio made by
the Russians. It covers all frequencies between 30 MHz and 1 GHz,
divided over 13 ranges and is even capable of intercepting
surveillance radios with frequency hopping (FH).
The aperiodic receiver comes in a suitcase with a large number of plug-ins
and accessories. It can even be used for unmanned monitoring by linking it
to a telephone line.
➤ More information
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During the Cold War, Soviet and Warsaw Pact agents used the
Kopchik covert surveillance detection receiver, to check whether they
were being followed by their foreign counterparts.
The device is an aperiodic receiver that can detect nearby radio signals,
in particular those in the 150 and 400 MHz frequency bands.
➤ More information
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Orchidea-2 was a device that was able to find a covert listening device (bug)
that was connected to a wire line, such the power network, remote door openers,
telephone lines and TV cabling.
The device is usually carried in an unobtrusive Samonite-style briefcase,
together with a set of ancillaries, and has a built-in oscilloscope.
➤ More information
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Orchidea-3 was a
non-linear junction detector (NLJD),
developed in the
mid-1980s in the Soviet Union (USSR) and used during the Cold War as
a countermeasures device by the countries of the former Warsaw Pact.
Unlike Western NLJD's, which generally use a low-power continuous wave,
Orchidea-3 uses a high-power pulsed signal.
➤ More information
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Osobnjak was a range of high-end countermeasures receivers,
developed by the Soviets for protection against
resonant cavity microphones,
a special kind of passive covert listening devices (bugs) that were
activated by a strong RF signal.
As the Soviets were the first to employ resonant cavity microphones,
they knew that sooner or later their Western counterparts would use
the same technology against them.
➤ More information
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© Crypto Museum. Last changed: Saturday, 04 March 2023 - 13:46 CET.
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