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Crypto Data Telefunken ETM-1820/M → ← ETM-1810
ECHOTEL modem for HF radio
ETM-1810/M is a high-end HF radio modem
with features like Forward Error Correction (FEC), Automatic Repeat Request
(ARQ) and echo-cancelling,
introduced in 1998 by AEG Telefunken 1
in Ulm (Germany). It is part of the ECHOTEL family and was used
by the German Army and NATO.
It supports various data modes and waveforms, and uses multiple Digital Signal
Processors (DSP).
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The ETM-1810/M is entirely different from its predecessor,
the ETM-1810. The hardware is completely redesigned
and comprises three TI Digital Signal Processors (DSPs)
plus a separate Motorola microcontroller. Contrary to its predecessor,
it supports multiple waveforms that can be selected via the display
at the front panel.
By default, the device supports STANAG 4285, FSK, MAHRS, MSK-LF,
NARROW and MILSTD. Other waveforms may be added by updating the firmware,
or by soft-loading them, or by installing an expansion card with
two additional DSPs.
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Due to company takeovers, the ETM-1810 was also sold under the names
AEG, Telefunken System Technik (TST), DASA, EADS, Racoms, EADS Racoms,
Daimler Benz Aerospace and Telefunken Racoms.
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Below is the front panel of the ETM-1810/M. It has 6 buttons, 4 LED
indicators, and a 2 × 16 character LCD display.
On power up, the device shows the version number of the firmware, and then
performs a self-test (BITE). Once the test has completed (GO),
the device is ready for use.
The device can be configured via the display in combination with the
four push-buttons to its right. It is possible to select the desired waveform
(communication standard or protocol) along with many of its parameters. It is also
possible to set the baudrate and data format of the RS232 ports at the rear.
Note that the front panel can be grey (as shown here), cream or olive green.
The rear panel is shown in the image below.
It has three D-sub sockets, marked X1, X2 and X3.
The leftmost one (X1)
is a configurable (a)synchronous serial port which carries the decoded
data from the receiver, and the data to the transmitter.
It can be connected to a computer.
The radio itself is connected to the rightmost connector (X3).
The middle connector (X2) carries a standard serial RS232 port that
can be used to control the modem, independently from the data port.
To the right of the D-sub sockets is a small ground connector (X4), which can
be used to properly ground the unit. It can be a banana-type socket or a screw
terminal. At the far right is the mains power receptacle (X5),
with built in 2.5A fuse and mains filter.
Note that on some versions X5 is omitted, in which case
it is replaced by a 3-pin XLR male receptacle
that accepts 18-32V/DC.
Below is an overview of the versions we've recorded so far, with the firmware
version (when known):
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- ETM-1810
This is the single-waveform version. It can only be controlled remotely
from an ARCOTEL ACT-1810 radio processor using a proprietary protocol.
It has no front panel controls, other than the ON/OFF and TEST buttons.
➤ More
- ETM-1810/M
This is a full redesigned version of the modem, developed around 1998, that
supports multiple waveforms.
It has a front panel with a 2-line LCD display and additional push-buttons,
and can be controlled from the front panel as well as via the
CONTROL interface at the rear using a
simple protocol.
A typical firmware version number for this variant is M9IQ .
One of the devices in our collection is of this type.
➤ Look inside
- ETM-1810/M-A
This is an enhanced version of the ETM-1810/M above. It is fully
compatible, but has an extra PCB with two additional DSPs,
that provides additional waveforms such as ISB and MFSK (4-FSK).
Typical firmware version numbers found in this version are
JET and 7JO .
The device featured here is of this type.
➤ Look inside
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Differences with the ETM-1810
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Compared to the ETM-1810, the ETM-1810/M exhibits the following differences:
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- LCD display with associated controls
- Multiple waveforms (instead of just MAHRS)
- Complete hardware redesign (single board)
- ISA bus connector
- Three TI DSPs instead of two Motorola DSPs
- Motorola microcontroller instead of TI TMS320 DSP
- Simplified CONTROL protocol
- Socket for expansion card (with two additional DSPs)
- More advanced BITE
- Single internal power connector
- Higher baudrates
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- Extension board with two additional DSPs
- Firmware in EEPROM (upgradable)
- Support for 2 channels (in/out) (e.g. ISB)
- Soft-loadable waveforms
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All ETM-1810/M versions support at least these waveforms:
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Additional waveforms can be added by replacing the firmware (in EPROM)
or by adding an optional extension board with two additional DSPs.
The firmware of the extension board is stored in two onboard EEPROMs,
and can be updated by means of special software (not available).
➤ Waveforms per version
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The ETM-1810/M can be controlled remotely via the
CONTROL port (X2) at the rear. This is a regular RS232 serial port
that can be connected to a personal computer (PC). Unfortunately,
Telefunken has never published the control protocol,
and according to former Telefunken personnel, it is proprietary and difficult
to understand [5]. Luckily, with help from an anonymous contributor, we've been able
to unlock the CONTROL port and most of the protocol (2025) [4].
➤ ETM-1810/M control protocol
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The following equipment is known to be associated with ECHOTEL:
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The ETM-1810 is housed in a 19" 1U rackmountable enclosure. Its interior can be
accessed from the top, by removing five recessed screws from the top panel and
lifting the top panel upwards. Note that the top panel is tightly fitted at
the sides by means of two rows of RF-shielding contact strips.
The basic unit contains a single ISA-bus board, with three Texas Instruments
(TI) TMS320 DSPs, plus a Motorola MC69302 microcontroller.
The firmware is held in two EPROMs.
Around 2002, an extra PCB was developed which can optionally be fitted
on top of the existing ISA-bus card. It holds two additional TI DSPs
with support for additional waveforms like ISB. The firmware on the extra
board is held in two EEPROMs
Below are some examples.
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The DATA port (X1) is a bidirectional modem port. It allows data to and from a
computer to be passed to and from the radio. It is a standard asynchronous
RS232 (V.24) serial port, for which a regular DB25/M to DE9/F cable can
be used. Note that the baudrate and the data format are different for each
waveform. For example: the default setting for FSK is 50 baud 5N3
(3 means 1.5 stop-bit).
The default setting for STANAG is 38400 baud 8N1.
Switching from RX to TX can be done by raising the RTS/DTS lines.
This will activate the TX indicator at the front panel.
Below is the pinout of the DB25 socket (X1) when looking into it. The
first column of the table below holds the pin number of the
DB25 connector.
The second column shows the corresponding pin on the
DE9 connector
at the PC-side.
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| X1 | DE9 | Name | Description |
| 2 | 3 | TXD | Transmitted data |
| 3 | 2 | RXD | Received data |
| 4 | 7 | RTS | Request To Send |
| 5 | 8 | CTS | Clear To Send |
| 6 | 6 | DSR | Data Set Ready |
| 7 | 5 | GND | Ground |
| 8 | 1 | DCD | Data Carrier Detect |
| 20 | 4 | DTR | Data Terminal Ready |
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USB dongles —
An RS232-to-USB dongle may be needed for connection to a modern PC,
but it should be noted that not all dongles support all baudrates. Furthermore,
the dongle may not support all control lines (DCD, CTS, DTR) and handshake options.
For proper operation of the ETM-1810, all baudrates, control lines and handshake
options are needed. Cheap dongles should be avoided.
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The modem can be controlled from a regular PC, using the CONTROL port
(X2). This is a regular RS232 (V.24) asynchronous serial port, for which a
standard DB25/M-to-DE9/F cable can be used.
By default, the speed for this port is set at 19200 baud 8N1,
but this can be changed via the front panel settings.
Below is the pinout of the DB25 socket (X2) when looking into it. The
first column of the table below holds the pin number of the
DB25 connector.
The second column shows the corresponding pin on the
DE9 connector
at the PC-side.
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| X2 | DE9 | Name | Description |
| 2 | 3 | TXD | Transmitted data |
| 3 | 2 | RXD | Received data |
| 4 | 7 | RTS | Request To Send |
| 5 | 8 | CTS | Clear To Send |
| 6 | 6 | DSR | Data Set Ready |
| 7 | 5 | GND | Ground |
| 8 | 1 | DCD | Data Carrier Detect |
| 20 | 4 | DTR | Data Terminal Ready |
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Local control of the device (via the front panel buttons) can be disabled by
raising the DTR line. This will activate the REMOTE indicator R
in the upper left corner of the display. Any attempt to use the front panel
buttons, will now result in the message: Remote control keys disabled .
The front panel can be re-enabled by dropping the DTR line again.
➤ ETM-1810/M control protocol
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The DA-15 socket marked RADIO (X3)
is for connection of the ETM-1810 to a receiver or a transceiver.
Below is the pinout when looking into the socket,
as far as it is currently known.
X3 is the connector at the rear. X152 is the internal connector with the
ribbon cable.
Note that this information is obtained by
reverse engineering the device [4]. Consequently, there may be mistakes or
omissions. If you find any errors or have additional remarks,
please let us know.
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| X3 | X152 | Name | Description |
| 1 | 1 | IN | Audio from receiver (600Ω) |
| 2 | 3 | IN | Audio from receiver (600Ω) |
| 3 | 5 | GND | Ground |
| 4 | 7 | ? | 4.25V (PTT?) |
| 5 | 9 | ? | to L4, 0|12V, possibly RS232 (DTR?) |
| 6 | 11 | ? | to L8, -12V, possibly RS232 (TX or RTS?) |
| 7 | 13 | ? | to L6, -12V, possibly RS232 (TX or RTS?) |
| 8 | 15 | ? | Transformers TR3 and TR4 |
| 9 | 2 | GND | Ground |
| 10 | 4 | OUT | Audio to transmitter (600Ω) |
| 11 | 6 | OUT | Audio to transmitter (600Ω) |
| 12 | 8 | ? | Transformer TR3 |
| 13 | 10 | ? | Transformer TR2 |
| 14 | 12 | ? | Transformer TR4 |
| 15 | 14 | ? | Transformer TR2 |
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A regular 4 mm banana-type bus (X4) is available for grounding the
device. Note that on some devices this may be a screw terminal.
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Devices with an AC/DC-type PSU (ETM-1810/M/1) can be powered
from the 115 V or 230 V/AC mains, using a common Euro-style power cable.
Below is the pinout when looking into the receptacle.
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LIVE In 115/230V AC 45-480 Hz 1 LIVE In 115/230V AC 45-480 Hz 1 GND - Ground
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Devices with a DC/DC-type PSU (ETM-1810/M/2), can be powered by
a 18 to 32V DC source, such as a 24V vehicle battery. The DC power should be
connected to the 3-pin male XLR receptacle
at the rear (X5).
Below is the pinout when looking into the receptacle. 1
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| 1. | (+) | red | +18 to 32V DC 2 |
| 2. | (-) | blue | 0V DC |
| 3. | GND | yellow/green | Ground |
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Note that this pinout does not follow any existing convention.
➤ More
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The BM-3000 DC/DC converter can actually take 14-70V DC.
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Cable from E-1800 to ETM-1810/M
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The table below describes how to connect the ETM-1810/M to a
Telefunken E-1800 receiver.
The table shows the wiring between the RADIO connector (X3) at the rear
of the ETM-1810/M and the 6-pin 240° DIN socket (BU2) on the
DE-1710/2 demodulator plug-in card of the
E-1800.
The level can be adjusted with potentiometer R59, also on the DE-1710/2 plug-in.
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| DE-1710 · BU2 | RADIO (X3) | |
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| E-1800 | ETM-1810 | Name | Description |
| 1 | 1 | RX | Audio in (600Ω) |
| 2 | 3 | GND | Ground (shield) |
| 3 | 2 | RX | Audio in (600Ω) |
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Cable from RX-1001 to ETM-1810/M
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When connecting the ETM-1810 to a Hagenuk RX-1001M receiver, use the following wiring:
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| ? | RADIO (X3) | |
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| RX-1001M | ETM-1810 | Name | Description |
| 1 | 1 | RX | Audio in (600Ω) |
| 2 | 2 | RX | Audio in (600Ω) |
| 6 | 3 | GND | Ground (shield) |
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Device HF modem with FEC and ARQ Purpose Reliable data communication via HF radio Model ETM-1810/M ➤ More Family ECHOTEL Manufacturer AEG Telefunken (TST) ➤ More Year 1998 NSN ➤ see below Predecessor ETM-1800 Successor ETM-1820/M Firmware ➤ More Waveforms ➤ see below Speed 75-19200 baud ➤ More Power 230V/AC or 18-32V/DC (typically: 24V) 1 Dimensions 485 × 465 × 44 mm Weight 4019 g (4300 g with expansion card) Price EUR 47,550 2
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Depending on model.
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Based on a VEBEG label attached to the device.
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The diagram below shows how the model number is constructed.
The basic model name is ETM-1810/M. The prefix identifies it as an
ECHOTEL modem. The suffix '/M' shows that is supports multiple waveforms,
in contrast to the ETM-1810 which only supports MAHRS.
The next suffix tells us which type of PSU is present. '/1' means
that it has a 230V/AC PSU. '/2' means that it has a 18-32V/DC
PSU. The extension '/A' is only present when the additional
DSP board is fitted.
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National Stock Numbers
NSN
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ETM-1810/M/1 5895-12-337-6401 230V/AC PSU ETM-1810/M/1-A 5895-12-357-2825 230V/AC PSU, extra DSP board ETM-1810/M/2-A 5895-12-357-2826 18-32V/DC PSU, extra DSP board
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- High data rates up to 19,200 bps
- Suitable for MAHRS
- Suitable for FARCOS
- Suitable for STANAG 5066 systems [3]
- Suitable for STANAG 4538 systems
- Suitable for fax and data transmissions
- Suitable for burst transmissions
- Suitable for duplex, half-duplex and simplex transmissions
- Decision feedback equalizer
- Compatible with existing cipher equipment
- Synchrone data interface
- Remote control (option)
- Mains or battery power supply (option)
- Stationary or mobile applications
- 19" 1U rackmount module
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- MAHRS including Frequency Hopping (FH)
- MIL-STD-188-110A/B
- MIL-STD-188-110B Appendix F Independent Side Band (ISB)
- STANAG 4538
- STANAG 4539 Annex B, High Data Rate (HDR), including Autobaud
- STANAG 4415 75 bps (NATO robust waveform)
- STANAG 4481 FSK
- STANAG 4285, including Annex E
- STANAG 4529 (Narrow-Band)
- STANAG 5065 (MSK-LF mode)
- FSK mode
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- STANAG 4538
- STANAG 4539
- STANAG 4285
- STANAG 4529
- MIL-STD-188-110B including Appendex F (ISB)
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Data EIA RS-232C, DIN 66020, CCITT V.24.V.28 Control EIA RS-232C, DIN 66020, CCITT V.24.V.28 (internal connector) Speed 75, 150, 300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200 baud asynchonous Radio Proprietary
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The ETM-1810/M was sold under different names, including:
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- AEG
- Telefunken
- AEG Telefunken
- Telefunken System Technik (TST)
- Daimler Benz Aerospace
- DASA
- EADS Racoms
- Telefunken Racoms
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- Telefunken Racoms, ECHOTEL ETM 1810/M
Website, 2009. Retrieved May 2013. 1
- Roland Prösch, Technical Handbook for Radio Monitoring
2003. Retrieved February 2018.
- Wikipedia, STANAG 5066
Retrieved March 2018.
- Anonymous contributor, Connector pinouts and reverse-engineered command set
Crypto Museum, January-April 2025.
- Anonymous former Telefunken employee
Personal communication, March 2018.
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Page no longer available (not even via WayBack Machine).
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© Crypto Museum. Created: Tuesday 20 March 2018. Last changed: Thursday, 08 May 2025 - 22:07 CET.
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